Health care contributes 4.4% of total greenhouse gas emissions globally. With its high volume of consultations, ophthalmology plays a significant role in health care’s sustainability, and you can make a positive impact by implementing some small changes.1-7
EFFECTIVE STRATEGIES FOR EVERY PRACTICE
Enable Ventilation 30 Minutes Before Surgery
Turning off OR ventilation outside of office hours instead of running it overnight and on weekends provides comparable infection control.8-10 This approach saves 50% on electricity costs and €2,000 annually per OR.
Use an Alcohol-Based Hand Rub
Compared to traditional scrubs, alcohol-based hand rub disinfectants or liquid preparations provide superior disinfection. Alcohol-based disinfectants act against a broader spectrum of microorganisms and offer a longer duration of action than traditional scrubs. The former are also less drying and irritating to the skin and cause fewer allergies.11,12 Additionally, the use of alcohol-based rubs reduces plastic and saves water and €1,600 annually (per 1,000 surgeries). The estimated water usage for a surgical scrub brush of 3 minutes is around 18.5 L per person.
Reduce Drug Waste
Preoperatively, topical drugs can be used safely on multiple patients. When appropriate, patients should be allowed to take their partially used medications home for postoperative use. The risk of endophthalmitis in cataract surgery is clearly reduced with asepsis and intracameral antibiotics. The benefits of topical antibiotics, however, are difficult to demonstrate. Intravitreal injections with topical antibiotics administered before and/or after the injection do not reduce the risk of endophthalmitis and may be counterproductive owing to the development of resistant microorganisms.13-20 Reducing drug waste decreases plastic and saves at least €6,000 annually (per 1,000 surgeries).
Reduce Packaging Waste
Replace the full body drape with a face drape. The latter is equally effective in preventing endophthalmitis and helps reduce patient claustrophobia, anxiety, and temperature-related discomfort.21-23 This change not only reduces waste, plastic, and costs but also saves at least €1,000 annually (per 1,000 surgeries).
Critically evaluate your custom packs to identify and eliminate unnecessary items that are often discarded unused. Utilize the ESCRS Sustainability Index for Disposables in Cataract Surgery, available at no cost on ESCRS.org (Figure; scan the QR code to access).
Figure. The ESCRS Sustainability Index for Disposables in Cataract Surgery.
Additionally, reducing items in intravitreal packs can maintain safety and quality of care while cutting waste, carbon emissions, and costs—potentially saving €2,000 annually (per 1,000 surgeries).23-28 This adjustment also minimizes plastic use.
Reduce Postoperative Visits
Postoperative visits after intravitreal injections, uncomplicated cataract surgeries, and vitreoretinal surgeries can be reduced safely, decreasing mobility-associated emissions and travel costs.
Immediately sequential bilateral cataract surgery, like bilateral same-day intravitreal injections, reduces patient travel and the number of postoperative visits. Also avoid using plastic shields.29-35 This approach saves at least €10,000 annually (per 1,000 surgeries).
Adopt More Sustainable Medicines and Instruments
Avoid using SF6 gas, one of the most potent greenhouse gases; it has a global warming potential 25,200 times higher than CO2. Consider alternatives such as C3F8 or air.36 Opting for sustainable medical equipment and instruments that are smaller, transportable, and reusable can significantly reduce environmental impact.
TAKE ACTION
Improve the environmental impact of ophthalmic care by adopting practices of reducing, reusing, recycling, and rethinking.37 Share this article with colleagues, friends, and hospital management to enhance the sustainability processes in your environment. Create a team. Implement one change every month. Solicit feedback. Consider joining sustainability groups such as EyeSustain (eyesustain.org) to participate in the dissemination, research, and awareness of more efficient and ecological practices.
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